The Modular Tactical Vest (MTV) was developed due to combat operations highlighting the need for operational enhancements to the Outer Tactical Vest (OTV).The OTV, developed in the late 1990's, was not designed to carry heavy loads such as ammo pouches, radios, water carriers and accessories, so many troops either attached cumbersome pockets to the vest or wore an additional load-carrying layer.

The Enhanced Side Small Arms Protective Insert (S-SAPI) and ballistic carriers provide increased side torso protection for Marines.